Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NaClO. It is a strong oxidizing agent and is commonly known as bleach. Sodium hypochlorite is widely used for its disinfectant and cleaning properties. Here are some key points about sodium hypochlorite:

1. Disinfectant and Bleaching Agent: Sodium hypochlorite is primarily used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent. It is effective in killing bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, which makes it valuable for water treatment, sanitation, and the purification of drinking water.
2. Household Bleach: Common household bleach is a diluted solution of sodium hypochlorite, typically containing 3-6% sodium hypochlorite. It is used for cleaning, laundry, and disinfection in households.
3. Water Treatment: Sodium hypochlorite is employed in water treatment plants to disinfect water supplies, swimming pools, and wastewater.
4. Surface Disinfection: It is used to disinfect surfaces in healthcare facilities, laboratories, and food processing plants.
5. Whitening and Stain Removal: Sodium hypochlorite’s bleaching properties are used in various applications, such as in the textile industry for whitening fabrics and in dental care for teeth whitening.
6. Safety Considerations: Sodium hypochlorite can be corrosive and can release toxic chlorine gas when mixed with certain other chemicals, particularly acids. Therefore, it should be handled with care and kept away from incompatible substances.
7. Storage and Dilution: Sodium hypochlorite solutions should be stored in well-ventilated areas, and appropriate safety measures should be taken during handling. Dilution with water is often necessary when using concentrated solutions.

Sodium hypochlorite is a versatile and effective chemical with numerous applications, especially in disinfection, cleaning, and water treatment. It plays a crucial role in maintaining public health and hygiene.