Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. It is a white, crystalline powder commonly used in various household and industrial applications. Here are some key points about sodium bicarbonate:

1. Chemical Composition: Sodium bicarbonate is composed of sodium (Na+), hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) ions. It is a weak alkaline compound.
2. Common Uses:
   • Baking: Sodium bicarbonate is a leavening agent used in baking to help dough and batter rise. It produces carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with acids, such as vinegar or citrus juice, creating bubbles and making baked goods light and fluffy.
   • Antacid: It is used as an over-the-counter antacid to relieve heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach by neutralizing excess stomach acid.
   • Cleaning: Sodium bicarbonate is an effective and environmentally friendly cleaning agent used to scrub and deodorize surfaces. It can remove stains and odors.
   • Fire Extinguisher: It is used in some dry chemical fire extinguishers as a fire-suppressing agent.
3. Safety Considerations: Sodium bicarbonate is generally considered safe for its intended uses. However, when ingested in large amounts, it can lead to health issues, and inhalation of its dust can irritate the respiratory system. It is advisable to follow safety guidelines when using it.

Sodium bicarbonate is a versatile compound with numerous practical applications, ranging from baking to cleaning and medicinal uses. Its ability to neutralize acids and produce carbon dioxide gas makes it valuable in many contexts.